Direct Effect
‘Trigger model’
C-573/17 Daniel Adam Popławski (24 June 2019)
Vertical effect
Horizontal effect
Case 43/75 Defrenne v Sabena [1976] ECR 455
Directives
Case 41/74 Van Duyn [1974] ECR 1337
Case 148/78 Ratti [1979] ECR 1629
Case 152/84 Marshall [1986] ECR 723
Case C-188/89 Foster v British Gas [1990] ECR I-3313
Case C-413/15 Elaine Farrell judgment of 10 October 2017
Case C-91/92 Faccini Dori v Recreb [1994] ECR I-3325
Cases C-397/01 to C-403/01 Pfeiffer etc. [2004] ECR I-8835
Case C-555/07 Seda Kücükdeveci, [2010] ECR I-365
‘Triangular direct effect’
Indirect Effect
Case 14/83 Von Colson [1984] ECR 1891
Case C-106/89 Marleasing SA v La Comercíal [1990] ECR I-4135
Case C-456/98 Centrosteel v Adipol [2000] ECR I-6007
Cases C-397/01 to C-403/01 Pfeiffer etc. [2004] ECR I-8835
Case C-212/04 Adeneler [2006] ECR I-6057
C-268/06 Impact [2008] ECR I-2483
Case C-441/14 Dansk Industri (19 April 2016)
Incidental Effect
Case C-194/94 CIA Security International SA v Signalson SA and Securitel SPRL [1996] ECR I-2201
Case C-443/98 Unilever Italia v Central Food [2000] ECR I-7535